Vaginal candidiasis is extremely common. 

Approximately 75% of women experience at least one episode during their lifetime. 

It is caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast, 

with Candida albicans being the most common cause.

What Are the Symptoms of Vaginal Candidiasis?

One of the most characteristic symptoms is an increase in vaginal discharge.

Medical textbooks often describe Candida-related discharge as thick, 

white, and cottage cheese-like. In Korea, 

many patients describe it as looking more like crumbled tofu.

During a gynecological examination, thick, white, clumpy,

 and sticky discharge may be seen adhering to the folds of the vaginal wall. 

When the discharge comes out of the vagina, it may appear lumpy or curd-like.

In some cases, the discharge may become abundant 

and may appear slightly yellowish or greenish.

However, discharge is not the only symptom.

As the discharge comes into contact with the vulva, 

it can cause significant irritation of the surrounding genital area. 

Women may experience:

• Severe itching or burning
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Skin irritation, cracks, or small fissures
• Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse
• Stinging or burning when urinating
• Irritation around the urethral opening

When symptoms become severe, some women describe a stinging 

or tingling sensation similar to the discomfort associated with a urinary tract infection.

If you experience these symptoms, it is advisable to visit an OB-GYN for an examination

 and an accurate diagnosis, as similar symptoms can also occur with other types of vaginitis or infections.

How Is Vaginal Candidiasis Treated?

Fortunately, vaginal candidiasis can usually be treated 

effectively with antifungal medications.

Depending on the symptoms and individual condition, 

treatment may include topical vaginal antifungal medications 

or oral antifungal medication. In uncomplicated cases, 

symptoms often begin to improve within several days after appropriate treatment.

Vaginal candidiasis is not generally classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Therefore, routine treatment of a sexual partner is usually

not necessary unless the partner has symptoms or a physician recommends treatment.

Why Does Candida Keep Coming Back?

Some women experience recurrent episodes of vaginal candidiasis, 

which can be particularly frustrating.

Candida normally exists in small amounts in the body without causing symptoms. 

However, changes in the vaginal environment can allow Candida to multiply excessively.

Factors that may contribute to Candida overgrowth include antibiotic use, 

hormonal changes, pregnancy, diabetes, a weakened immune system, 

and conditions that keep the genital area warm and moist.

If vaginal candidiasis occurs repeatedly, it is important to receive an accurate diagnosis rather 

than repeatedly treating the symptoms on your own.

Additional testing or a longer course of antifungal treatment may sometimes be necessary.

Tips for Maintaining a Healthy Vaginal Environment

There are several everyday habits that may help reduce irritation 

and maintain a healthy vulvovaginal environment.

1. Keep the genital area cool and dry

Yeast tends to thrive in warm and moist environments. 

Choose breathable underwear and avoid wearing very tight-fitting clothing 

for long periods. After exercising or sweating,

changing out of damp clothing as soon as possible may also be helpful.

2. Maintain a balanced diet

A balanced diet and overall healthy lifestyle are important for maintaining general health. 

Foods such as yogurt and other fermented foods can be included as part of a healthy diet. 

Some women also choose probiotic supplements, 

although evidence regarding their ability to prevent recurrent vaginal candidiasis is still limited.

3. Wipe from front to back

After using the toilet, wiping from front to back is a simple hygiene habit 

that can help prevent bacteria from the anal area from spreading toward the vagina and urethra.

4. Avoid excessive cleansing of the vagina

The vagina naturally maintains its own environment, so excessive cleansing 

or vaginal douching is not recommended. 

After sexual intercourse or during everyday hygiene, 

gently washing the external vulvar area with lukewarm water is generally sufficient.

If a cleanser is used, choose a mild product intended for the external genital area 

and avoid inserting cleansing products inside the vagina.

5. Pay attention to menstrual products if irritation occurs

If you frequently experience irritation during menstruation,

consider whether a particular sanitary pad, tampon, menstrual cup, 

or other menstrual product may be contributing to your discomfort. 

Products should be changed regularly, and if irritation repeatedly 

occurs with a particular product, switching to another type may be helpful.

When Should You Visit an OB-GYN?

Vaginal candidiasis is very common and usually responds well to appropriate treatment.

However, not every case of itching or abnormal discharge is caused by Candida.

Bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, sexually transmitted infections, 

and certain skin conditions can cause similar symptoms. 

Therefore, if you notice persistent itching, burning, swelling,

 pain, or unusual vaginal discharge, it is best to visit an OB-GYN for proper evaluation.

Rather than tolerating recurring discomfort or repeatedly

 using medication without a diagnosis, having a simple gynecological 

examination can help identify the cause and ensure that you receive the appropriate treatment.